Quakers hold the belief that God endows every human being
with a measure of the Divine Spirit which may be directly experienced.
One of the most important messages that Quakers have to
offer is that religion, or belief, is experiential. It is not just a matter of
accepting words or practices, but of experiencing God for oneself.
From the beginning, Friends gave women and men equal
status, for the fact that we are all children of God bestowed an equality upon
all. This concept led to the testimony that one person should not set himself
above others through human honors and distinctions, which are meaningless in
the sight of God. From this came the Quaker practices of simple living, plain
dress and plain speech.
Friends believe that if they wait silently upon God there
will be times when God will speak to us in the heart. The silent Meeting of
Friends is, therefore, the sacrament of communion with God during which Friends
lay themselves open to the leading of the Spirit. George Fox often wrote about
his "openings," meaning revelations, and it has been the experience
of Quakers over the centuries that openings will occur in the mind or that
"a way will open." 
Openings can come to individuals when they are alone, or
they may come out of the silence of a gathered Meeting for Worship. It is a
perennial question as to whether a leading comes from God, from one's own ego,
or from another power, and it is the practice in the Society of Friends to test
a leading or a concern in a meeting with others.
When they meet for business Friends strive to obtain the
"sense of the meeting" from those present before taking action, for
they recognize the Light as a force which creates unity among all who respond
to it or who "answer" it in one another. It does not follow that a
majority is always right; a prophetic role is a lonely one and, if a concern is
deeply felt and continues to be raised, the Meeting will continue to hear it
and may later come to recognize its validity.
Our manner of worship is an outgrowth of this
belief. We gather in quiet assemblies,
mindful of the words: “Be still, and know that I am God.” In a Friends meeting for worship, we come
together in reverent silence with the desire to draw nearer to God and to
understand God’s will. It is a time for
sharing feelings and to reflect on the value of life. All share equally in this. We sit quietly, at times an individual may be
moved to speak, to offer a prayer or a message that has come out of the
silence. All are welcome to share. The meeting is closed with handshakes. The responsibility for the spiritual depth of
the meeting rests with each attender.
Those who keep silence as well as those who give a vocal message do
their part when they yield their minds and hearts to the guidance of the
Spirit. Friends hope that in the Meeting
for Worship a consciousness of the Divine Presence will
come to every attender,
to be a source of direction, strength and comfort after leaving the meeting.
Friends hold that the words of the Bible should not be
taken as the final revelation of God. The Books of the Bible were written by
men who were acting under the power of the Holy Spirit, and it is necessary to
read the words in the power of the same Spirit and to listen to what the Spirit
then speaks in your heart. The words are active agents in the sense that, when
read in the Spirit at the appropriate time, they spring to life for the reader
and take the reader forward on his or her spiritual journey.
Friends do not use the Bible directly as a guidebook or
rule book lest it substitute for each person’s own direct experience of the
Light of Christ. In every area of life
the Spirit must be absolute. Quakers
believe that the biblical writers were divinely inspired. The power of the Spirit to bring people into
unity is a final test of the guiding of the Light. Sharing the Spirit of God within them
underlies the deepest of all Quaker experiences, the unspoken awareness of the
unification of the group by the Spirit in the Silent Meeting, where the whole
body, and not primarily its individuals, received power, wisdom and joy.
Over the years, the practice of Quakerism has developed
in different ways in different regions. Members of the Society have been affected
by varying influences such as the greater awareness of Eastern religions, the
growth of psychology and the development of scientific knowledge. Since the
Society is non-creedal, the spectrum of belief held by Friends has widened and
different opinions may be held in different places or cultures.
"Government seems to me a part of religion itself,
a thing sacred in its institution and ends. ... And government is free
to the people under it, whatever be the frame, where the laws rule and
the people are a party to those laws; and more than this is tyranny,
oligarchy, or confusion. ... As governments are made and moved by men,
so by them they are ruined too. Wherefore governments rather depend
upon men than men upon governments. Let men be good, and the government
cannot be bad. If it be ill, they will cure it. But if men be bad, let
the government be ever so good, they will endeavor to warp and spoil it
to their turn."
- William Penn, "First Frame of Government",
1682